Automatic power transmitting mechanism



June 30, 1936. J. E. PADGETT 2,045,612

AUTOMATIC POWER TRNSMITTING MECHANISM Filed NOV. 2l, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet l IM/vanto@ June 30, 1936. .1. E. PADGETT AUTOMATIC POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed Nov. 2l, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 mfg@ June 30, 1936. J. E. PADGl-:TT

AUTOMATIC POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed Nov. 21, 1955 4Shee'ts-Sheet 3 NR nvm Gn am/0h 5 Padye I lJune 30, 1936. J. E. PADGETT AUTOMATIC POWER TRANSMITTING MECHANISM Filed Nov. 2l, 1933 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 (ik/komma S Patented June 30, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AUTOMATIC POWER TRANSLIITTING MECHANISM The present invention relates to mechanisms for transmitting power from a driving member to a driven member.

More particularly, the present invention is concerned with automatic mechanisms in which power is delivered from the driving to the driven member with sufficient torque amplification at relatively low driven speeds to pick up the load and to accelerate the driven .member until it is rotating at a speed where the prime mover can drive the load with a smaller torque amplification, at which time the load is automatically coupled to the driving member through a lower torque multiplication ratio.

Various automatic power transmitting mechanisms have been heretofore proposed by others, but none of such prior mechanisms have been commercially successful because of the complicated mechanisms utilized, their lack of ilexibility and their failure to perform all of the functions necessary for practicability, their high cost of production, their lack of durability and reasonable life, and their sizes and weights when they are constructed to transmit reasonable amounts of power. While development work has been intensively carried forward, and vast expenditures of time and money have been made in efforts to produce automatic transmissions for automotive, industrial and like uses, to meet the essential requirements of low cost, reasonable life, and satisfactory operation, such eiforts by others have been so for not met with material commercial success.

A serious disadvantage inherent in prior automatic power transmitting mechanisms resides in the fact that they automatically shift from geared drive to direct drive when the parts are accelerated to a predetermined shifting speed, and they automatically shift from direct drive or high speed into geared speed when the parts are decelerated to a speed which is in the neighborhood of the speed at which they shifted up or effected a transition from geared to direct drives with the result that such mechanisms manifest a tendency to alternately shift into and out of directdrive. That is, they hunt when they are operating at speeds in the neighborhood of their shifting speeds. In an apparent attempt to eliminate this highly objectionable operating characteristic, complicated and more or less delicate and costly mechanisms were developed which were so designed as to always require a reversal of drive, as for example is caused in an automotive vehicle by manual closing of the engine throttle, to effect a shift of the transmission parts from one speed to another.

Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to devise compact, flexible and light, but durable, simple, low cost and highly efficient improved automatic power transmitting mechanisms; and it is a further major object of the present invention to so design an automatic power transmitting mechanism that it will not manifest tendencies to hunt or alternately shift into and out of a torque multiplying ratio.

The present invention is also concerned with improving certain features of the automatic power transmitting mechanisms shown in copending application Serial No. 680,857, filed July 17, 1933, and with devising novel -mechanisms for controlling and coordinating the operations of their various parts.

Another important object of my invention is to so design automatic power transmitting mechanisms of the character wherein changes in torque multiplication are automatically effected in response to variations in the speed of the parts, that the parts will shift into one torque multiplying ratio at a speed which is substantially different from that speed where the parts shift out of that ratio.

It is a. further object of the present invention to provide an automatic power transmitting mechanism operative to establish a torque multiplying connection between driving and driven members when parts thereof are rotating at a predetermined speed, which will directly couple the driving and driven members when the parts 3.. attain a higher predetermined or shift up speed; and yet will maintain the direct driving connection thus established when the parts are decelerated to a speed that is very substantially below the shift up speed. o

Another object of my invention is to provide a transmission mechanism for automatically transmitting power from a driving to a driven member, ,which will establish a torque multiplying connection between the members when parts of the transmission are rotating at a predetermined speed; will directly couple the members when the parts are accelerated to a higher predetermined "shift up" speed; and will re-establish a torque multiplying connection when the parts are decelerated to a speed near that at which torque multiplication was originally established.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an automatic power transmitting mechamultiplication are automatically effected in response to speed variations which automatically 4 shift from a higher to a -lower torque multiplying ratio when the parts are accelerated to a predetermined speed, and in which the transition from the higher to the lower torque multiplying ratio may be selectively effected when the parts are rotating at speeds less than the predetermined ratio changing speed.

A further object of this invention 1s to devise, for use in transmissions of the character having mechanism for automatically changing the torque multiplication thereof when the parts are accelerated and attain a predetermined speed, means for changing the torque multiplication when the parts are operating at speeds less than the predetermined speed.

Another object of my invention is the provision of power transmitting mechanisms having a device for automatically shifting from a torque multiplying to a direct drive condition when parts thereof are accelerated to a predetermined speed,

with means adapted to be automatically actuatedv by a reversal of driving effort in the mechanism, for automatically effecting a transition from torque multiplying to direct drive when the parts of the mechanism are operating below the predetermined speed.

It is a still further object of the present invention to devise a novel power transmitting mechanism which will normally maintain a torque muli tiplying connection between driving and driven members when parts thereof are operating at relatively low speeds; will automatically establish a direct drive between the driving and driven members when the parts attain a predetermined speed; will re-establish a torque multiplying drive when the parts are decelerated to a predetermined speed that is substantially less than the rst predetermined speed; and yet will automatically reestablish a torque multiplying drive when the parts are operating at speeds intermediate said predetermined speeds and the torque demanded by the load exceeds a predetermined value.

Another object of this invention is to provide automatic transmissions of the character having a back stop for taking the reactive forces set up by certain parts thereof when they are delivering power through a torque multiplying drive, with means, associated with certain other parts of the mechanism, for causing them to establish a direct power transmitting connection when the direction of drive is momentarily reversed.

Another object of this invention is to devise an automatic transmission that will automatically shift from a low to a high speed ratio when the parts are accelerated to a predetermined speed, and which may be selectively operated to maintain the high speed ratio, even when the parts are rotating below the predetermined shift speed.

A further object of my invention aims to devise, for use in automatic transmissions of the character having a primary, or a low speed clutch for initiating drive through a torque multiplying connection, and a secondary or high speed clutch for establishing a direct drive when the load, under the influence of the torque multiplying connection has been accelerated to a speed where the prime mover utilized with the mechanism can adequately handle the load with a direct drive, a primary clutch organization responsive to the speed of the driving shaft and also responsive to the power supplied to the driving shaft.

Another object is to provide power deliveringv organizations of the type wherein an automatic transmission is adapted to receive power from a Prime mover, with means for'automatically establishing a power transmitting connection through the automatic transmission when the prime mover is stopped.

It is a further object of my invention to so design automatic transmissions of the character wherein changes in torque multiplication are automatically effected in response to variations in the speed o! the parts, that the parts will shift into one torque multiplying ratio at a speed which is substantially different from that speed where the parts shift out of thatratio, and which may be operated to automatically shift into and out of a particular torque multiplying ratio at speeds which are of substantially equal magnitude.

Another object of this invention resides in the provision of power transmitting mechanisms having a device for automatically shifting from a torque multiplying to a direct drive condition when parts thereof are-accelerated to a predetermined speed, with means, adapted to be actuated by a reversal of driving efforts in the mechanism, for automatically effecting a transition from torque multiplying to direct drive when the parts of the mechanism are rotating below the predetermined speed, and which may be rendered inoperative to establish such transition in response to reversal of driving efforts.

It is another object of this invention to devise, for use in power transmitting mechanisms of the character wherein driving and driven members are intercoupled with a planetary gear organization, means for shifting certain parts of the planetary organization to provide at least two different torque multiplying ratios.

My invention further aims to provide a power transmitting mechanism having a planetary gear assembly adapted to connect driving and driven members, with means for selectively coupling different parts of the planetary assembly to one of the members.

A still further object of this invention resides in the provision of power delivery organizations of the type wherein an automatic transmission is driven by a prime mover and is adapted to establish a power transmitting drive in accordance with operations thereof, with selectively operable power actuated means for disconnecting the transmission from the prime mover.

It is another object of this invention to devise, for use in automatic transmissions, a novel gear organization which is so related to the transmission parts that it may be utilized to provide reverse as well as a forward drive, the torque multiplying ratio for reverse drive being different than that for forward drive.

Further objects of this invention will become apparent as the description thereof proceeds in connection with the annexed drawings, and from the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the power transmitting mechanism of the present invention, and the latch and associated structure located in the gear chamber is illustrated as having been rotated through in a counterclockwise direction, when viewed from the lefthand side of the figure, in order to more clearly show the structure employed.

Figure 2 is a fragmental sectional view of the primary clutch shown in Figure 1, and it particularly shows the driving and holdback spring assemblies.

i Figure 3 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line III-III of Figure 1, illustrating the parts as they appear when viewed in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 4 is a sectionalview taken substantially on line IV-IV of Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows. l A,

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line V-V of Figure l as viewed in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 6 is an elevational view ofthe mechanism shown in Figure 1, and it illustrates the mechanism which is preferably employed for controlling the primary clutch and the shifting assembly.

Figure 7 is an elevational view of the opposite side of the device shown in Figure 6, and it illustrates the mechanism which is preferably employed to control the secondary clutch and the internal gear brake.

Figure 8 is a detailed sectional view of the valve illustrated in Figurev 6.

Figure 9 i`s a fragmental longitudinal view of a modified form of my invention.

With lcontinued reference to the drawings wherein like reference characters designate like parts throughout the several views thereof, my novel power transmitting mechanism is enclosed in a housing denoted generally at I.

The mechanism, when broadly considered, consists of a low`speed, or primary clutch which is adapted to initiate the drive through a torque multiplying mechanism, and a high speed or secondary clutch which is adapted to establish a direct drive between the prime mover and the load when the latter has been accelerated to a predetermined speed. The description of the various parts will accordingly be divided into ,separabe parts, so as to facilitate understanding the various phases of the invention. The primary clutch will be considered first.

Primary clutch A driving shaft 3 is adapted to have rotational efforts applied to it by a suitable prime mover in any desired manner, and in the present' instance, it is shown as constituting the crank shaft of an internal combustion engine. The flanged end of shaft is secured to a flywheel 4 by bolts 5; or in any other suitable manner. Bolts 5 extend through aligned apertures in the flywheel and the flange of shaft 3, and have nuts turned thereon.

Shaft 3 is further provided with a bore 6 in which is carried a bearing assembly 'i for supporting the reduced end 8 of a shaft 9. The rear end of shaft@ is adapted to be journalled in a bearing assembly that will be described hereinafter.

A hub Il is splined upon shaft S and is provided with a flange I2. operatively secured to flange I2, by means of rivets or the like, is a vibration dampener designated generally by reference character I3 which provides a resilient driving connection between hub II and a driven disc I4. This vibration dampener is employed to dampen out any torsional vibrations that may be set up in the crank shaft of the engine, and in view of thev fact that it forms no part of the present invention, it will not be further described.

Facings i5 and I6 are secured to opposite sides of disc I4 near its periphery, and they may consist of any material that has the required characteristics to give the correct frictional gripping force, and atv the same time has wearing qualities adapting it for this purpose. I prefer, how-v ever, to use the types of material which in practice have given very satisfactory results in au-` tomatic slipping drive and clutch mechanisms of the Powerilo type. One form of material, embodying colloidally associated copper particles and powdered graphite, is disclosed in co-pending application Serial No. 685,603 filed August 17, 1933, and which is particularly suitable for use in the present mechanism. Frictional facings I5 and I6 may be secured to disc I4 in any suitable manner, as for instance by rivets or the like, and they, along with disc I4, will be hereinafter referred to as a driven member. Facings I5 and I6 may be annular discs, but they are prefer# ably formed as segments and secured to disc I4 in circularly spaced relation, in order to provide a flow of cooling air currents over the faces of their cooperating plates, in a manner that will presently be set forth.

Facing I5, secured to disk I4, cooperates with the flat driving face of flywheel 4 and is adapted to be frictionally driven thereby. Facing I6, cooperates with a plate I1, which will be hereinafter termed the intermediate plate, and it is adapted to engage and clamp the driven member between it and the fiat face of the flywheel. Plate Il is of substantial thickness so that it may possess a sufficient degree of rigidity to prevent undesirable distortion and warpage thereof under the pressures and temperatures that it is subjected to during operation of the mechanism.

Intermediate plate I1 is driven by the flywheel through the intermediary of driving lugs I8, which are preferably three in number and are integrally formed with plate Il. Lugs I8 are disposed in sliding engagement with the walls of recesses I9 which are formed in rim portion 2I of flywheel 4. Each lug I8 is provided with a recess 22 into which is frictlonally fitted a sleeve 23. comparatively light compression springs 24 are disposed in sleeves 23 and act against the flywheel so as to force plate Il away therefrom. Although I prefer to associate springs 24 with lugs I8, it is to be understood that they may be located so as to act against any other suitable portion of plate Il without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Movement of plate Il away from the flywheel is limited by engagement of boss portions 25;

formed on lugs it thereof, with a cover member 26.

Cover member 26 is secured to the flywheel rim portion 2l by means of cap screws 2l, and it ls provided with embossed portions 28 in the regions of cap screws 2l, for the purpose of spacing the cover from the flywheel rim for a purpose that will presently appear.

Cooperating with plate il, and with an automatic plate 29, is a second driven member, comprising a hub 3i; a vibration dampener 32 and a driven disc 33, carrying facings 34 and 35. Secured to the inner walls of cover 26, by means of a spot welding operation or the like, are preferably three symmetrically arranged driving lugs or key members 36. Key members 36 are received in, and cooperate with the walls of recesses 3l formed in automatic plate 29 to establish a driving connection between flywheel 4 and the automatic plate.

Disposed parallel to plate 29 is a plate 38, and it will be hereinafter referred to as a reaction plate, because it takes the reaction of a speed responsive mechanism in a manner to be presently described. Reaction plate 38 is driven by automatic plate 29 through the medium of a plurality of cap screwsv 39. Referring particularly to Figure 2, each cap screw 39 is provided with a reduced end 4| that is threaded into automatic plate 29, and the thread employed is preferably of the Dardelet or other self-locking type so as to prevent the cap screws from working loose in operation. Cap screws 39 extend through, and lie in slidable driving engagement with the walls of recesses 42 formed in reaction plate 38, and are encircled by washers 43 and compression springs 44. Springs 44 act against the heads of screws 39 and react against plate 38, to thereby urge the automatic and reaction platestoward each other at all times, and they will be hereinafter referred to as holdback springs. The holdback spring assemblies are preferably symmetrically disposed in pairs about the periphery of the plates, and in the present instance six are employed, but it is to be understood that more or less than six properly'designed holdback spring assemblies may be used if desired without in any way departing from the spirit of my invention. The holdback assemblies accordingly establish a driving connection between the automatic and reaction plates, and, at the same time resiliently urge them toward each other.

Reaction plate 38 is normally urged toward the flywheel by a plurality of compression springs 45, which are retained in position against plate 38 by means of bosses 46 formed on the latter. Springs 45 react against the surface of cover 26, and are centered thereon by means of pressed out portions 41 formed in cover 26. Springs 45 are preferably six in number and are disposed in substantially common radii with the holdback assemblies. Reaction plate 38, however, is normally held in the position shown in Figure 1, when the driving shaft is operating at or below the idling speed of the engine or other prime mover, by means of a throwout mechanism that will presently be described.

Before proceeding to the description of the actuating mechanism for the automatic plate, it should be understood, that although I have illustrated the surfaces that engage facings I 5 and I6 as plane in configuration, they may be grooved in the manner shown in my copending application Serial No. 669,766, if desired.

The automatic and reaction plates may be actuated away from each other by any suitable speedresponsive mechanism, to produce clutch engagement, but in the present embodiment of my invention, it preferably takes the form of a centrifugally operable mechanism. Preferably three weight levers 5|, having integrally formed heads 52, are symmetrically arranged between the pairs of pressure springs 45, and have their heads 52 received in rectangular recesses 53 formed in automatic plate 29.

Each lever 5| is provided with a pair of threaded portions 54, which are received in a pair of apertures 55 located in a weight element 56. A reinforcing portion 51 is preferably formed on each lever 5|, and is provided with a iiat surface 59 that is adapted to abut the surface of weight 56. Weights 56 are held in place on levers 5| by means of nuts 6|, turned on portions 54, and seating in countersinks 62 formed in weights 56.

Levers 5| are of substantial width and extend through recesses 63 formed in reaction plate 38. Heads 52 are provided with flat faces 64 that normally abut the bottoms of recesses 53 when the -driving shaft is operating at, or below idling speed, and by the term idling speed, I mean the particular desired automatic uncoupling or disengaging speed of shaft 9, and if an internal combustion engine is employed as the prime mover, the idling speed will lie in the neighborhood of four hundred to flve hundred revolutions per minute.

Heads 52 are also provided with reaction faces 66 which abut the face of reaction plate 38 at all times, and are designed for fulcruming engagement therewith during operation of the weights. 1 The surface of plate 38 that cooperates with faces 66 of weight-heads 52 may, if desired, be ground and polished so that relative sliding movement thereof may occur with a minimum of friction.

Heads 52 have their outer sides relieved to l provide knife-like edges 68 which are adapted to rock or pivot in the dihedral angles defined by the bottom and outer faces of recesses 53 formed in automatic plate 29. The relieving operation enables a good knife edge 68 to be formed on each 2 weight head, and allows pivotal movement thereof without interference from the outer side Walls of recesses 53. However, it is to be understood that unrelieved weights may be employed in recesses that are suitably designed so as to have relieved outer side walls, if desired. It is also to be understood that, instead of providing individual recesses 53 for cooperation with the weight heads, a single annular groove, as shown in my copending application Serial No. 660,179, filed 3 March 9th, 1933, may be formed in automatic plate 29 if desired.

Recesses 53 are formed in automatic plate 29 in any desired manner, as for instance by a milling cutter or the like, and weight heads 52 are pre- 3 vented from moving longitudinally within the recesses so formed, by the engagement of the walls of recesses 63 formed in plate 38, with the sides of levers 5|. Heads 52 ilt rather snugly between the inner and outer side walls of recesses 53 so that they are restrained from shifting bodily inwardly or outwardly, thereby insuring dynamic balance of the mechanism at all times. Knife edges 68 are adapted to cooperate with the flat bottom faces of recesses 53 and thereby act in 4 line contact upon plate 29 for a substantial distance across the face thereof, whereby uniform distribution of pressure over a substantial area thereof is effected.

The mass of weights 56, and the number of weights and lever assemblies employed in a particular installation is determined by a consideration of the required pressure that they must transmit under the desired speed conditions to urge the clutch plates into final non-slipping engagement. In the clutch mechanism shown, three equally spaced Weight assemblies are preferably employed.

When shaft 3 is stationary, or is operating at or G below a speed corresponding substantially tothe idling speed of the prime mover employed to drive it, the parts assume the positions in which they are shown in Figure 1. Heads 52 of levers 5| are clamped between plates 29 and 38, under the influence of springs 45 acting against plate 38, and cap screws 39, and plate 38 is held in the position shown, against the action of springs 45 by means of a throwout mechanism that will be described hereinafter.

Extending through apertures 1| formed in plate 38, and preferably symmetrically disposed between the weight assemblies, are a plurality of bolts 12. Bolts 12 are provided with knurled portions 13, and as bolts 12 are driven into plate 38, 7

achten:4

bers 82. Pins 80 are preferably held in positionin ears 8| by means of cotter pins or the like, and brackets 82 are secured against pressed in por' i tions 84 of cover 26 by means of rivets 85 or the like. Fingers 18 are provided with bifurcated portions 88, and the latter have curved faces 81,v

that cooperate with washers 11 in amanner to be presently described. Bolts 12 are also encircled by light compression springs 88 and washers 89' and the latter are urged into contact with levers i 18 to hold the latter against rattling when they are not under the influence of springs 45.

Bolts 12 and nuts 15 are adapted to partially extend through apertures 89 formed in cover 26, and

the apertures are preferably of a size suilicie'nt to allow .'a'wrench or the like to be applied to nuts v K,

' l i -and'-,weightorganization is so designed, that it in substantial -or'i'coin'plete static and dynamic balance when 1the automatic kplate is located on 15 for clutch adjustment purposes.

Levers 18 are provided with weight or mass por-r tions 90, which function to balance the lever'sfan'dv prevent them from responding to centrifugal-'force and tend to impart declutching` movementstothe clutch parts.

Movement of the inner ends of fingers y18 to the left in Figure 1, through the intermediary of bolts 12, causes movement of plate 38 away from the ilywheel against the action of springs'lli.

Movement of the reaction plate produces similar movement of plate 29 because the holdback assemblies hold the two plates in unitary relation-Y ship at all times. Fingers 18 are adapted to be actuated in this manner by means of a throwout assembly that will now be described.

Cooperating with curved faces 93 formed' on iingers 18 is the fiat face of a ball race 94, which cooperates with antifriction balls 95 disposed'between race 94 and a cooperating ball race 98. Ball races 94 and 96 are held in assembled relation with respect to each other by `means of a combined retainer and reservoir defining member 91. The bearing assembly is preferably packed with 1ubricant during assembly. Ban race as is'` rigidly mounted upon a sleeve 98 which is'mounted for rotative as well as axial movement on shaft 9.

The bearing assembly just described will be hereinafter referred to as bearing or throwout assembly A, and a sealing member |00 is secured to sleeve 98 and frictionally cooperates with ball race 94 so as to retain the lubricant in the bearing. Sleeve 98 is provided with a smooth throwout fork engaging face 99, which cooperates with throwout ilngers |09 rigidly carried by a throw-v out shaft I I0. Shaft I I0 is preferably iournalled in, and extends outwardly of clutch housing I, and is adapted to be actuated by mechanism to be hereinafter described. n

Although I have disclosed a specific throwout assembly in connection with my invention, it is to be understood that any suitable throwout mechanism having a face that is substantially normal to the clutch axis for cooperating with the inner ends of fingers 18 may be employed if desired, and a thoroughly practical mechanism obtained. With reference to the automatic and reaction plates, it is observed that they are keyed" tov'.oif'rcecesses 3,1finjjcloselfcontactwith two of the .drivingjlugs'-36, and `means consisting of a bowed gether, or connected together for synchronous ro tation by means "of theholdback assemblies, and reaction plate 38- is v'in factcarried by automatic plate 29. Weights 58 are also carried by the automatic plate, and as this weight and plate 5 organization is of comparatively great mass, movement thereof radially, or in any direction other than parallel to the axis of the mechanism, results in static as well as dynamic imbalance thereof, and as a matter of fact, it has been found 10 in'practi that for. the clutch mechanism illustrated, a radial or sidewise movement of four one thousandths of an.y inch of these elements represents approximately two inch-ounces tending to unbalance 'the mechanism. 15 In order fortheyp'late and weight assembly to function properly, itfmust be capableof undergoing fr'eeaxial movement., By designing driving lugs iliandk recesses 31. so as to provide sufiicien't play toV permitthi'saction, sufficient lost 20 motion is usually introduced into the plate organization to permit it tofundergo a slight radial movement, and thisfresults in the unbalanced vCOMUOII just described In arder'itmeinninategthis difficulty, the plate 25 one side of the niechanism,-{i. e., with the walls leaf spring f'I II,I having an aperture il I2, which fits over and is held in place by one of the driving lugs v36, is provided for maintaining the assembly in this condition during all phases of operation of the mechanism, with the result that it is'balanced at all times.' In view of the simple design of the present clutch mechanism, the parts thereof maybe manufactured by low-cost, quantity production methods, and yet provide 40 plate and weight-organizations whose mass is fairly symmetrically distributed. Spring III acts against and applies pressure to the portions 3 n of plate 29, that 4'are"located either side of receSSBT. *y v In'fview-of the fact that spring III exerts a frictional resistance against only one side of plate 29, engaging anddisengaging movements of the latter axially of the mechanism are yieldingly resisted .or retarded to some extent, which may resulty in the automatic plate tilting slightly as it undergoes movement into and out of engagement 'with facing 35. This is an advantage rather than a disadvantage, however, because the slighttilting action which takes place is not sufflcient to unbalance the mechanism, especially at the comparatively ,low speed at which engage- ,i ment occurs, and the resulting initial partial and progressive eng-agement of automatic plate 29 withfacing 35, as weights .6 rock outwardly, im-

parts extremely "smooth operating characteristics to the mechanism and produces a cushion disc action. When the clutch is fully engaged, the plates are not tilted, but are disposed parallelto each other and normal to the axis of Gf the mechanism, so thatfthe mechanism does not vibrate, leven {atfhighfspeeds Spring III accordingly maintainsvtlie parts in balance condition talltixnesjand yet,in view of its resilient nature, it does notintrfere with free axial and 7 slight tilting movements of automatic plate 29.

In order to provide dynamic and static balance of the mechanism as a whole, I provide balance assemblies which are preferably secured to the outer cylinderical portion of cover 26, and

theyare preferably symmetrically located between the weight assemblies or radially outwardly beyond levers 18. Each balance assembly preferably consists of a pair of main or principal weight members II5, which take the form of washers; and a plurality of auxiliary weight members II6 which consist of small washers in the present embodiment of the invention; which are held in place by means of a bolt II'I, passing through an aperture in cover 26, a nut II8 and a lock washer II 9.

The mass of the balance assemblies depends upon the nature of the particular clutch mechanism and the dimensions and mass of the parts thereof. In the particular clutch illustrated, three symmetrically arranged balance assemblies of the size shown are employed and their mass is such as to offset the concentrated mass represented by the weight assemblies and render the mechanism both statically and dynamically balanced. In the event that after the balance assemblies are Japplied to the mechanism, the latter is still out of either static or dynamic balance or both, because of unsymmetrical mass distribution caused by manufacture of the parts by low-cost, quantity production methods, one or more washers I I9 may be removed from or added to one or more of the balance assemblies to bring about proper balance of the mechanism.

The provision of the present balance mechanism materially reduces the cost of producing clutch mechanisms of the manual or automatic type because their parts may be cheaply made without regard to their mass or dimensions, and if, upon assembling the mechanism, it is found that it is out of balance, either statically or dynamically, it can be readily brought into balance in the manner just described.

Shaft IIO is preferably adjustably held by any suitable mechanism in such a position that the throwout bearing assembly Will hold the parts in the positions in which they are shown in Figure 1 when driving shaft 3 is stationary or is operating at or below a predetermined idling speed of the prime mover utilized therewith when it is desired to obtain speed responsive clutch operation. Under these conditions, a clearance exists between the plates and there is accordingly no driving connection between shafts 3 and 9. Any suitable latch mechanism may be associated with shaft IIO or the clutch pedal for holding shaft III) in this position, for instance a latch of the type disclosed in my copending application, Serial No. 660,179, filed March 9, 1933, and which may be referred to for a. full disclosure thereof, but I preferably employ a power operated device which will be hereinafter described. The throwout bearing assembly is shown in Figurerl in what is termed its automatic position, and is so termed because it is preferably disposed in this position when the clutch mechanism functions, or is being employed as an automatic or speed responsive clutch.

Shaft I I8 may be actuated to move the throwout bearing assembly to the left of the position shown in Figure l, for declutching the mechanism in a manner to be hereinafter pointed out.

The throwout shaft also may be operated to allow the throwout bearing to move to the right of the position illustrated in Figure 1, into what is termed its manually engaged position, and allow springs 45 to bring the plates into driving engagement.-

With throwout mechanism A disposed in automatic position. the speed responsive operation of the primary clutch is as follows:

Automatic operation of primary clutch Acceleration of shaft 3 slightly above the idling 5 speed of the prime mover does not cause actuation of the weights because springs 44 hold them in check. As driving shaft 3, and flywheel 4 are accelerated to a speed substantially in excess of idling speed, which is determined by the strength 10 of springs 44; the mass of weights 56, the proportions of the parts, and other factors, weights 56 gradually swing or rock outwardly about their knife-edges 68 as axes in response to centrifugal force. As this occurs, reaction faces 66 of heads l5 52 fulcrum and slide on the face of plate 38, and knife edges 68, by virtue of their engagement and fulcruming action upon the fiat bottom surfaces of recesses 53 located in automatic plate 29, force the automatic plate away from reaction 20 plate 38 against the action of holdback springs 44, and into engagement with facing 35 of disc 33, on a three-point support, thus causing disc 33 to move axially and bring the facing 34 thereof into contact with intermediate plate Il, which 25 is then moved axially against the action of retractor springs 24, and clamps driven member I4 between it and the flywheel.

Movement of automatic plate 29 away from reaction member 38 is opposed by holdback springs 30 44, and therefore weights 56 are held under control. Holdback springs 44, therefore, in addition to predetermining the speed of the mechanism at which automatic engaging operation is initiated, exert a steadying inuence upon the clutch 35 parts.

After the driven members are thus frictionally clamped or gripped between automatic plate 29, the intermediate plate I1 and flywheel 4, movement of plate 29 is substantially arrested, and m further rocking movement of weights 56, in response to a further increase in centrifugal force, causes faces 66 of heads 52 to force reactionl plate 38 away from the flywheel against the action of springs 45. Movement of plate 38 in this manner causes pressure to slowly build up in springs 45, and a corresponding pressure is built up between the edges 68 of heads 52, and the bottoms of the recesses in automatic plate 29. This action causes the plate pressure to build up com- 59 paratively slowly, with the result that the clutch smoothly picks up shaft 9.

The partial vacuum established by rotation of the parts causes an air stream to be drawn through the relatively large annular passage between cover 26 and the throwout bearing and along the clutch axis. A part of the axial air stream passes over botli faces of plate 38 and between plates 38 and 29, and in this connection it should be observed that plates 29 and 38 are 60 substantially thermally isolated, and the air currents passing between -them effectively prevent the heat that is generated in plate 29, as the result vof its slipping operation, from being transmitted to plate 88, and possibly drawing or harmfully modifying the temper of springs 44 and 45 associated with the latter. Another portion of the air stream passes outwardly between plate 29 and facing 35 when they are disengaged, and To the heated, dust-laden air is exhausted from the mechanism through the space between the flywheel and cover 26. If desired, additional openings may be formed in the cylindrical portion of cover 26 for assisting in exhausting the heated 75 dust-laden air from the mechanism, and fan blades or the like associated therewith for drawing the air through the openings. Portions of the axially moving air stream enter openings formed in discs |4 and 33 (not shown), and are discharged radially between the driven members and the intermediate plate and flywheel, and are exhausted from the cover through openings |20 formed in flywheel rim 2|, and. between cover 25 and the iiywheel. f

The Ventilating and dust-removing air may be introduced into,vand exhausted from housing i in any desired manner, but I preferably contemplate the use of the organizations 1 disclosed in application Serial No. 606,238, filed April 19, 1932, which have proved to be extremely emcient in practice.

When shaft 3 and flywheel 4 attain a predetermined speed the plate pressure builds up suiilciently to establish a non-slipping drive between shafts 3 and 9. This speed is determined by the magnitude of the torque transmitted by the clutch, as under heavy loads, the speed will be higher than that required to establish a nonslipping drive when the load is light. When a still higher predetermined speed is attained, weights 56 rock out into contact with arcuately nshaped stop faces |2| formed on pressed flange portions |22 of plate 38, and are thereby arrested. In order to stop weights 56 in a denite plane that is normal to the mechanism, and thus insure dynamic balance of the device, preferably arcuately shaped stop edges or faces |23 are accurately formed on weights 56.- The stops are also designed to stop weights 56 with their centers of mass equidistant from the axis of the mechanism. When the weights have moved into their outermost positions with their stop faces |23I in contact with stop faces |2i, the plates are disposed in non-slipping engagement andfurther acceleration of shaft 3 is ineffective to cause a further pressure to be built up between the plates. The plates are thereby held in non-slipping engagement under a predetermined pressure, and a positive friction coupling exists between shafts 3 and 9.

Stop faces |23 are so located on weights 56, that no matter how great the magnitude of the centrifugal force set up in weights 56 may be, it

is incapable of causing the mechanism to exhibit declutching tendencies at high speeds.

With reference to levers 13, they are designed so that, when the clutch is engaged, the masses thereof are so located with respect to their pivots, that the centrifugal forces set up therein, as the result of rotation of the mechanism, do not exert substantial rotative influences in the levers. When the parts are disposed in automatic idling position (Fig. l), the greater portion of the masses of levers 13 is located to the right of their pivots-but this is not a disadvantage, however, because the parts only assume these positions when the mechanism is rotating at low speeds,

and the centrifugal forces existing under these conditions are likewise of low magnitude.

Torque multiplying and related mechanisms Secured to boss portion |25, formed on housing i, in any suitable known manner, as by means of cap screws |26 or the like, is a partition-- forming bearing support |21, having a. lubricant return passage |28 formed therein. Secured within portion |21 against axial displacement by means of a set screw |29, is the outer race of a bearing assembly |3I. The inner race of bearing assembly |3| supports the sleeve-like extenslioi |32 of a planet gear carrier or cage member` Sleeve |32 is secured against axial displacement in bearing |3| by a split ring |34 that abuts the inner race thereof, and is sprung into 5 a groove located in sleeve |32. The inner-(wall of sleeve |32 is splined and cooperatesv with similar splines located on the outer wall of a secondary clutch sleeve |35. The splines of sleeve |32 abut the left hand ends of the grooves formed 1o in member |35 by the splining operation, and the parts are held in assembled relation by means of a split ring |33, which is spnmg in notches |31 located in the splines of member |35. and abuts the bottom of a recess |33 formed in 15 member |33. v

'I'hefrear end of shaft 9 is Journalled in bushings |39 or, the like located within sleeve |35.

bearing support, I have provided oil returning' grooves |4| and |42 in sleeve |35 and bearing 30 support |28 that cooperate with shaft 9 and the outer face of sleeve |35 respectively, to return any lubricant that may be disposed between these members to the gear chamber.

Planet gear carrier |33 is provided with re- 35 cesses |43, which are disposed at preferably 120 intervals and receive the planet assemblies. Each planet gear assembly consists of a large planet gear |44 anda small planet gear E45, which are preferably integrally formed and are rotatably 40 supported on a bushing' |46, and a shaft |41. Shaft |41 is supported in aligned apertures |48` located in member |33. Oil ducts |49 and |5| are formed in gears |44 and |45 respectively for the purpose of affording access of gear lubricant 45 to the space between bushings |46 and shafts |41. Gears |44 mesh with a sun gear |52, which is preferably integrally formed on the rear end of shaft 9. K

Disposed in axial alignment with shaft 9, and mounted for rotation at its front end in a bushing |53, located in a recess in the rear end of shaft 9, is a driven shaft |54. Shaft |54 may be directly connected to the load handled by the transmission, or it may be connected to a gear' reducing mechanism or the like, and it is journalled at its rear end in a bearing assembly |55 secured in an aperture in a cap member |55' which is bolted to housing l.

Shaft 9 and gear 52 are provided with oil ducts C9 |56 and |51 respectively for the purpose of insuring lubrication of shaft |54 and bushing |53.

The intermediate portion of shaft |54 is provided with splines |53, with which a correspondingly splined sleeve |59 is slidably associated. A 65 pair of spaced flanges |6| are formed on the rear portion of sleeve |59, and are yadapted to cooperate with a shifting device to be hereinafter described. Formed on the front portion of sleeve |59 are a plurality of clutch teeth |62, 70 which are shown in Figure 1 as meshing or engaging with a plurality of internal clutch teeth' |63 formed in a gear |64. Gear |64 is journalled for rotation on the reduced splined portion |65 of shaft |64, and meshes with planet gears |45.

A paixoi washer elements' |66 and |81 serve to restrain gear |64 against longitudinal movement.

Mounted for rotation in a bearing assembly |88', secured in a cylindrical bearing supporting portion |69 of housing I is the sleeve portion |1| of an internal gear |12, that meshes with planetary gears |44. The outer race of bearing assembly |68 is positioned in member |69. by a set screw |13, which in turn is locked by a wire |14 which is secured to a lug |15 formed on housing Sleeve |1| is held against axial displacement within the inner race by a split ring |16 that is sprung into a groove in sleeve |1|.

Mounted for limited oscillation upon support 169by means of cap screws |18 is a ring like member |19. Screws |18 extend through arcuately shaped slots |80 in member |19 and are provided with shoulders |8| which abut the face of support |99. Screws |18 may accordingly be turned home without frictionally gripping member |19 between their heads and support |69.

Member |19 is provided with diametrically disposed iingers |82, which in this embodiment of the invention are engaged by plugs |83 which are threaded into housing and are locked in place by lock nuts |84. With particular reference to Figure 4, it is observed that plugs |83 retain member |19 with the ends of slots |80 thereof in contact with screws |18, thereby restraining member |19 against oscillation. In a power transmitting mechanism shown in a copending application, member |19 is adapted to rock in response to variations in the torque impressed upon parts of the mechanism for automatically controlling the device, but in the present mechanism it is locked against movement and therefore merely functions as a stationary support.

Member |19 is provided with an annular recess |86 which is adapted to rotatably support a back-stop mechanism for an overrunning clutch. Rotatably mounted in member |19 is a clutch member |81, having recesses or cam pockets |88 formed in its interior. Overrunning clutch rollers |89 are disposed in recesses |88 and are adapted to cooperate with the outer face of sleeve |1I. Rollers 88 and member |81 are restrained against left-hand axial movement by means of a ring |90 which is disposed between cooperating seats formed in members |69 and |19.

Referring to Figure 5, the outer faces |9| of recesses |88 are so inclined that counter-clockwise rotation of sleeve |1| with respect to member |81 tends to wedge rollers |89 between it and faces |9|, and thereby lock sleeve |1| .against rotation. Plungers |92, slidably mounted in recesses in member |81 are actuated by springs |93 to urge rollers |89 into wedging or locking relationship with sleeve |1| and faces |9|. Mounted on a pin |93' secured to member |19 and adapted to oscillate in a guideway |94 formed in member |19 and having a latch portion which is adapted to be selectively engaged in notches |95 formed in member |91, is a latch |96.

Member |96 is provided with an arcuately shaped groove |91 which receives the arcuately shaped tongue portion |98 of an actuator member |99, and the parts are held in assembled interlocked relation by means of a plate 20| which is secured to member |99 by means of a rivet 202 and overlaps member |96. The axis of the mechanism constitutes the center cf curvature for the arcuate portion of members |90 and |99, so that in the event that member |19 is designed to undergo limited rocking movements, it may do so without disrupting the connection between these members.

Rigidly secured to a shaft 203, which is journaled in bearings in housing I, by means of a set screw 204, is a lever 205. Also mounted on shaft 203, but designed to freely rock thereon, isIl a lever 206. Lever 206 is provided with a latch portion 201,` which is closely disposed between a pair of guide faces 208, and it is adapted to be selectively entered between teeth 209 formed on carrier member |33. A set screw 2 I9 is threaded into lever 206 and seats in a groove 2|0 formed in shaft 203.

A resilient driving connection is established between lever 206 and shaft 203 by means of a, torsion spring 2| which encircles shaft 203. One end of spring 2|| is hooked into a groove 2|2 formed in shaft 203 and its other end is hooked over lever 206. When shaft 203 is rocked in a counter-clockwise direction (Figure 1) lever 206, through spring 2| is brought with its latching end into cooperation with teeth 209 for the purpose of locking carrier |33 against rotation. Should carrier |33 be so disposed that latch portion strikes the top of a tooth, shaft 203 may nevertheless be rocked into its final position because spring 2| yields under such conditions.

When shaft 203 is rocked in a clockwise direction for the purpose of bringing the lever out of locking engagement with teeth 209, the friction of spring 2|| may be relied upon to effect a reverse drive between lever 206 and shaft 203, but I preferably provide a positive drive by so designing groove 2|0, that spring 2I| holds lever 206 with screw 2 |0 disposed in one end of it when the parts are disposed as seen in Figure 1,-with the result that spring 2| is placed under a definite degree of pre-loading.

Screw 2|8 is accordingly adapted to transmit clockwise rotative efforts from shaft 203 to lever 206. A locking wire 2|4 is passed through an aperture in screw 204 and the hub of lever 205.

Pivotally connected to and disposed between the arms of lever 205, by meansof a pin 2|5 or the like, are the arms of a U-shaped dog 2|6,

which is in turn pivotally connected to member When shaft 203 is rocked in a counter-clock? wise direction, latch member |96, through pin 2|1 and member |99, is withdrawn from the particular recess |95 with which it is engaged, and member |1| is freed for rotation in either direction. Although counter-clockwise rotative tendencies of sleeve 1| under the latter condition causes rollers |89 to be wedged between faces |9| and sleeve |1|, to thereby lock members |1| and |81 together, member |81 merely rotates in memberl |19 as a journal. J

In the event that when shaft 203 is rocked clockwise, so as to bring latch |96 into engagement with one of the recesses |95 in member |81, and the latter is not registered with latch |96, downward movement of lever 205 causes dog 2|6 to rock about pin 2 l5 against the action of springs 2|8. The parts are maintained in position with ting power from shaft 3 to vshaft 9, and when pin 2|1 spaced from the bottom of recesses 22| until member |81 is rocked sufliciently to bring one of its notches |95 into registry with latch |96, at which time the latter will snap into place under the influence of springs 2|8 and again lock member |81, against counter-clockwise rotation.

Lever 205 is also preferably utilized to shift sliding clutch member |59, and to this end its lower end is forked, and secured in each fork portion thereof is a pin 222, which is adapted to seat between flanges |6| of member |59.

Rocking movement of shaft 203, through lever 205, is adapted to slide member |59 so as to bring its teeth out of engagement with teeth |63 into a neutral position, or into a further right-hand position with its teeth in engagement with teeth 223 formed on member|1| to condition the mechanism for reverse drive in a manner that will be presently set forth. f

In order to facilitate the introduction of lubricant into gear member |12 from the lubricant reservoir, I preferably provide ports 231 in member |12, and in order to restrain the lubricant so admitted from being centrifugally thrown from the gear mechanism between members |12 and |33, a flange 238 is formed on member |12 and closely fits into a groove 239 formed in member |33. This construction provides a substantially fluid tight joint between members |33 and |12, but it is to be understood that any other suitable type of sealing assembly may be used in this relation if desired without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Shaft 203 extends outwardly of housing I and may be actuated in any desired manner, but I preferably employ a Bowden wire assembly for operating it. A lever 224 is secured to shaft 203 and carries a member 225 which is swivelled thereto.

A control wire 226 is received in an aperture in member 225 and is secured therein by means of a set screw 221 or the like. Control wire 226 is enclosed in a exible housing 228 and is led up to a convenient operating location in the vehicle as for instance, the dash 229 and it is provided with an actuating knob 23|. The parts are shown in Figure 6 in forward drive position with the neutral and reverse drive positions being indicated in dotted lines.

Access to the gear chamber is gained through an opening in the side of housing l, and which is closed by a removable cover 232.

If desired, frictional detent means, or other suitable mechanism, may be associated with the Bowden wire assembly for yieldingly holding the parts in their selected positions, but I preferably employ a spring detent (Figure 1) 'which takes the form of a resilient wire 233 which seats in a groove 234 formed in the splines of shaft |54. 'I'he integral splines formed in sleeve |56 are discontinued in the rear portion as shown in Figure l to provide a. smooth cylindrical portion 235.

Formed in cylindrical portion 235 are three.

|81. When the parts are arranged in this condition, the mechanism is incapable of transmitmember |50 is disposed in its extreme right-hand position, member 201 is designed to lock carrier |33 against rotation, and the mechanism is conditioned for reverse drive, and these operations 5 will be more fully described hereinafter.

Gear member |12 is adapted to be selectively held against rotation, and in the present embodiment of my invention I preferably utilize a friction brake mechanism for effecting this re- 10 sult.

With particular reference to Figure 3 of the drawings, a brake band 24|, having friction facings or linings 242 secured thereto by rivets 243 or the like, is disposed about the large di- 15 ameter of member |12 and in this :ligure it is shown in disengaged condition. To one end of band 24| is riveted a forked member 244, which embraces a pair of pins 245 and 246 which are anchored in housing in any well known man- 20 ner. Member 244, through its anchoring means, not only restrains band 24| against rotation about the axis of the mechanism but it also maintains the upper side of band 24| in disengaged condition unless it is actually engaged under 26 the influence of the engaging mechanism that is to be now described.

A bracket member 241, having a lug 248 and a slot 249, is secured to band 24| by means of rivets 25|. A compression spring 252 is disposed 30 between member 244 and lug 248 and is retained in place by means of plugs 253 and 254 which are secured to the respective members. Spring 252 tends to maintain band 24| in expanded condition with facings 242 thereof out of engageu ment with gear |12.`

A brake shaft 255, having a cam 256 preferably integrally formed thereon, is mounted for rocking movement in a bearing support 251 which is integrally formed with housing I. Shaft 255 1s restrained against endwise displacement by means of a set screw 258 which is threaded into support 251 and engages in a groove 259 formed in shaft 255. A sealing assembly designated generally at 26|, is associated with support 251 and serves to keep lubricant from Working out of the housing.

Shaft 255 is provided with a reduced extremity Y262, which engages in slot 249 and functions to restrain bracket 241, and band 24| connected thereto, from undergoing side wise movement.

Shaft 255 may be actuated in any desired manner, and when it is rocked, the nose of cam 256 forces lug 248 upwardly thereby causing band 24| to contract and bring its facings 25| into frictional engagement with gear member |12. When shaft 255 is restored to the position shown in Figure 3, cam 256 allows spring 252 to expand band 24| and free gear |12 from braking iniiuences. The mechanism that is preferably em- 60 ployed for rocking shaft 255 will be hereinafter set forth.

Secondary clutch mechanism Secured to a ange 264, provided on sleeve |35 65 by means of bolt assemblies 5a or the like, is a member 4a that supports the secondary clutch mechanism, and as the latter is similar in general to the primary clutch mechanism, like parts will not again be described. 70

In the secondary clutch, cover 26a is secured to member 4a, and fingers or levers 18a cooperate with athrowout assembly B, which is of a construction identical to that of assembly A, in 75 a, manner that will presently he set forth. Movement of reaction plate 38a toward and away from member 4a is controlled by means of a throwout shaft 265, having fingers 266 formed thereon which cooperate with throwout assembly B. Hubs IIa and 3Ia, carrying discs I4a and 33a, are preferably splined to a sleeve 264' which is secured to shaft 9 by means of keys 265', and a split ring 266' which is sprung into a groove in shaft 9.

Shaft 265 extends outwardly of housing I and may be actuated in any suitable manner, but I preferably employ a manually operable mechanism for controlling its operation. Referring particularly to Figure 7, a lever member 261, having a split hub, is clamped to shaft 265 by means of a scew 268 and also has an enlarged portion 269, into which a screw 21| is threaded. Screw 21| is adapted to be locked in place by means of a lock-nut 212, and is adapted to engage a lever 213 which is mounted for rocking movement on shaft 265.

A lever 214 is supported for rocking movement on housing I in any suitable manner and the lower end thereof is connected to lever 213 by means of a link y215. A detent plate 216, having notches 211, 218 and 219 formed therein is secured to housing I and is adapted to cooperate with a detent 28| carried by lever 214. Detent 28| is adapted to be actuated by a lever 282, which is pivotally supported on lever 214'and is pivotally connected to detent 28| by means of a pin 283.

With lever 214 disposed as shown in Figure 7, with detent in notch 218, shaft 265 assumes the automatic position shown in Figure 1, and if member 4a is rotating at a speed which is less than the speed responsive engaging speed of the secondary clutch, the plates will assume the disengaged condition illustrated in this figure- The parts are held in automatic position against the action of springs 45a. by lever 214 acting through link 215, lever 213, screw 21|, lever 261, shaft 265 and throwout assembly B. Lever 214 is preferably disposed in this position during normal driving operations.

When 1e"er 214 is rocked so as to bring -its detent 28| into notch 219, springs 45a are allowed to bring the plates into driving engagement, as explained in connection with the primary clutch.

When lever 214 is disposed with its detent in notch 211, the secondary clutch is fully disengaged, and it must be shifted into this position when it is desired to operate at fairly high speeds with the transmission in gear. Lever 214 must also assume this position when lt is desired to secure amplified motor braking, and as it is necessary to restrain gear |12 against movement under this condition, I preferably interconnect lever 214 with the internal gear brake mechanism.

I preferably interconnect a lever 285, which is clamped to shaft 255 by means of a screw 286, to lever 261, by means of a resilient or yielding link device designated generally as 281, so that normal wear in the brake can be automatically compensated for. If desired, however, these parts may be connected by a rigid link or like structure.

With continued reference to Figure 7, a clevis member 288 connected to lever 285, is threaded into a sleeve 289 and the parts are adapted to be locked in adjusted relation by means of a locknut 29|. Sleeve 289 is threaded into a cylinder 292, and a clevis member 293, having a reduced portion 294 is slidably associated with a cap 295' carried by cylinder 292 and it carries a pin 295 which is disposed in an arcuate slot 296 formed in lever 261. A compression spring 291 is located 5 in cylinder 292 and is disposed between sleeve 289 and a washer 298 which abuts the shoulder formed on member 294. A split ring 299 is sprung into a groove located in cylinder 292 and serves to pre-load spring 201 and prevent it from forc- 10 ing member 298 out of the cylinder.

A lubricant fitting 30| is screwed into cylinder 292 and serves to admit any suitable form of lubricant to the interior of the cylinder. In order to prevent lubricant from leaking out of the 15 cylinder I preferably provide a sealing or packing assembly 302, which is disposed between cap 295' and ring 299.

When lever 214 is rocked so as to bring its detent into notch 211, the parts of link 281 move 20 as a unit during the initial part of the operation in view of the fact that spring 291 is under considerable stress or is pre-loaded. This results in lever 285 rocking shaft 255 and causes cam 256 to apply the brake to gear member I 12. When 25 the brake band has been fully contracted through the operation just described, further movement of lever 214 and the associated parts, causes member 294' to telescope within cylinder 292 and it compresses spring 291, with the result that the 30 pressure applied to the brake is slowly built up.

Primary clutch throwout shaft I I0 extenus outwardly of housing I and may have a latch mechanism of the character shown in co-pending application Serial No. 606,238, filed April 19, 1932, 35 associated with it for controlling its operation, but I preferably employ an automatic device for operating it which not onlydisposes the parts of the primary clutch in disengaged position when the prime mover is started, but it is also adapted to introduce a power o-r torque-responsive phase into the operation of the clutch when the prime mover is accelerated fo-r the purpose of automatically picking up the load.

With particular reference to Figure 6, a lever 45 305 is secured to shaft I I0 by means of a key 306 or the like, and has a downward extending arm 301 to which one end of a tension spring 308 is secured. Spring 308 is anchored to any suitable part of the mechanism by means of a bracket 309, 50 and serves to urge shaft IIO into retracted position, with forks |09 out of contact with throwout assembly A. Threaded into an enlarged, axially offset portion 3| I formed on lever 305 is a screw 3I2 which is adapted to be locked in adjusted 55 position therein by means of a nut 3I3, and which cooperates with a lever 3I4 which is journalled on shaft |I0.

Lever 305 is adapted to be pulled toward disengaging position by means of a vacuum operated 60 meehanism/ to be hereinafter described, and a .latch mechanism is associated with lever 3| 4 for selectively arresting the parts in automatic position. This latch may be constructed in any desired manner and may be of any suitable form, 65 but it is preferably constructed as follows.

A link member 3I5 is connected to lever 3I4 by means of a pin 3I6 and is connected to a similar link member 3I1 by means of a pin 3I8. Links 3|5 and 3|1 are provided with faces 3I9 and 32| 70 respectively, which are adapted to abut as seen in Figure 6, and they are urged toward this position by means of a tension spring 322, which is hooked into a member 323 pivoted to pin 3I8. and an eye 324 formed on lever 3I4. Link 8I1 is journalled 75 on a pin 325 which is adapted to be supported in any suitable manner, as for instance by the prime mover with which the mechanism is associated.

Links 3I5 and 3|1 form in eiect a toggle, and in Figure 6 they are shown in locked or latched condition with their faces abutting, and screw 312 is shown as being engaged with lever 3I4, under the influence of the vacuum mechanism, and under these conditions the primary clutch throwout shaft and bearing assembly assume the position shown in Figure l. The links are adapted to be moved out of locked condition against the action of spring 322 by means of a Bowden Wire assembly consisting of a Wire 326, which extendsl through an aperture in an upwardly extending arm 321 of member 323 and has an enlarged end 328, and a flexible sheath 329, which is connected to dash 229 by means of a nut 33 I, and whose lower end. is carried by a bracket 332 which is anchored to any suitable support.

A control knob 333 is connected to wire 326, and when it is withdrawn, links 3i5 and 3I1 are-pulled upwardly past dead center against the action of spring 322. In the event that the vacuum mechanism is tending to rock levers 305 and 3|4 in a counter-clockwise direction at the time knob 333 is pulled out, lever 314 forces the links into the dotted line position shortly after they have been pulled past dead center through actuation of knob 333.

When the vacuum or other mechanism releases lever 305 and allows the parts to move toward engaged position under the inuence of springs 45, and knob 333 is in, spring 322 restores the links to latched condition as soon as automatic position is attained. Further movement of the throwout parts toward engaged position is not restricted by the links as screw 3l2 merely moves away from lever 314 under such conditions.

Although I have shown a manually operable knob for actuating the Bowden wire assembly, it

`is to be understood that a foot pedal or the like may be interconnected with wire 326 and a perectly satisfactorily operating mechanism obtained. Moreover, any suitable linkage mechanisrn other than a Bowden wire assembly, or a vacuum or electromagnetically actuated device, may be used for actuating links 3i5 and 3H if desired Without departing from the spirit of the present invention. If desired, a pedal may be connected to shaft i lli and employed to declutch the mechanism by pulling out knob 333 so as to shift the links out of locking relation and depressing the pedal, but I preferably eli'ect this operation by a power operated mechanism that will now be described.

Connected to the upper end of lever 305, by means of a clevis 34| and a pin 342, is a link 343 which is threaded into a sleeve 344. Sleeve 34d constitutes a piston rod and extends into a cylinder 345 which is supported by means of a bracket 346 on any part of the mechanism by means of a cap screw 3131.

A pair of plates 348, having a piston member 349 disposed between them, are clamped to the end of sleeve 344 by means of a cap screw 35i which is threaded therein. Cylinder 345 is provided with a head 352 having an apertured bleed member 353 whose aperture aligns with a similar aperture formed in head 352. Sleeve 344 is disposed in closely fitting sliding engagement with a member 354 secured to head 352, and which constitutes a combined guiding and valving assembly. Sleeve 344 is further provided with a pair of apertures properly coordinated with the magnitude of the 355 and 356 which cooperate with member 354 in a manner that will hereinafter appear.

The piston and cylinder assembly just described may be operated by any suitable uid, but in the present instance it is operated by the vacuum 5 established in the intake manifold of and incident to operation of an internal combustion engine 351, and to this end a vacuum line 358 is tapped into the left hand side of cylinder 345 and is tapped into the body 359 of a controlling valve 36|, which is supported in any suitable manner (not shown) Valve 36| is provided with a vertical passage 362 through which air is adapted to pass between the intake manifold 'and the cylinder. A valve member 363, having a reduced portion 364 is slidably mounted in a horizontal bore 365 located in valve body 359. Valve 363 is adapted to be actuated by means of a rod 366 which is connected thereto by means of a cotter pin 361 or the like. Rod 3.66 is preferably connected to the 20 acceleratorassembly of the motor vehicle in which the mechanism is mounted, and with the parts disposed in the position shown in Figure 6, the accelerator is fully released. A pipe 368 is tapped into valve body 359 and is connected to the intake 25 manifold 369 of the internal combustion engine in any well known manner. An intake port or aperture 31| intersects bore 365 and is adapted to cooperate with reduced portion 364 of member 363.

With the parts in the position shown in Figure 6, the intake manifold is placed in communication with the cylinder 345, and if the engine is operating substantially at idling speed, the throwout mechanism will assume the position in which it 35 is shown in Figure 1, with reaction plate 38 held in automatic position. When valve member 363 is shifted to the left in response to depression of the accelerator, reduced portion 364 thereof is brought into registry with aperture 31i, with the result that air is allowed to comparatively rapidly pass through aperture 311, around reduced portion 364, through a passage 312, and pipe 358, and into the left-hand end of the cylinder, with the result that the piston may move to the right in response to the action of the clutch springs I prefer to employ a valve member which4 is operated substantially in accordance with the power' delivery-controlling mechanism of the prime mover, as it provides definite control of the ow of air to and from the cylinder assembly, but it is to be understood, that if desired, pipe 358 may be tapped directly into the intake manifold if it is located so that the pressure variations are 55 power output of the prime mover to provide the desired operation of the cylinder assembly, or suitable automatic valve devices may be utilized for this purpose, and the appended claims are intended to embrace my novel mechanisms when 60 they are controlled in this manner.

with the latch parts disposed in the positions' shown in Figure 6, and with the engine at rest, atmospheric pressure exists in intake manifold 369 and the clutch springs, acting through the throwout assembly, levers 18, and shaft iiil, hold the piston in the right hand end of the cylinder, and as the plates are engaged under these conditions, a driving connection is established between shafts 3 and 9.

When the engine is started, with valve 363 disposed in the position shown in Figure 6, and with the latch disposed in latching position, the resulting vacuum established in the intake manifold pulls the piston to the left into automatic position, 75

as shown in Figure 6. The parts are held in this position against the action of the piston by lever 3l4, which engages screw 3I2.

When the parts are disposed in automatic position and the engine is operating substantially at idling speed, the clutch parts assume the disengaged or released condition illustrated in Figure 1, and if it is desired to establish a driving connection between shaf 15s 3 and 9, the accelerator is depressed to automatically bring the clutch plates together in a manner that will now be described.

As the engine is accelerated, weights 5B rock outwardly and bring the plates together in the manner previously set forth, but prior to completion of this action, accelerator rod 366 shifts valve 363 so as to bring its reduced portion 354 into registry with port 31|, with the result that atmospheric air is admitted to the left-hand end of cylinder 345, thereby allowing springs 45 to pull the piston to the right. This action is resisted, however, as an air cushion exists in the righthand end of the cylinder by reason of the fact that port 355 is cut oil' by member 354, and the air contained in the right hand end of the cylinder is compelled to escape through the comparatively restricted bleed passage 353, with the result that movement oi the parts toward engaged position is retarded. In this form of the invention the retarding action is preferably sufficient to allow weights 56 to complete their engaging operation prior to the time the piston reaches the right-hand end of the cylinder.

Shaft 9 is accordingly automatically picked up with a solely speed-responsive drive, and if it is desired to disengage the clutch for any purpose, knob 333 is pulled out and the accelerator is released. Release of the accelerator restores valve 363 to the position shown in Figures 6 and 8, and closes the engine throttle to idling position, with the result that the piston is pulled into its extreme left-hand position and moves the parts into fully disengaged position. The plates are accordingly disengaged irrespective of any engaging tendencies that may be manifested by weights 56 as the result of engine momentum maintaining the clutch above its speed-responsive engaging speed while this operation is being effected.

When the parts are held in automatic position by the cylinder assembly, and it is desired to re-engage the clutch, the accelerator is depressed and the re-engaging action takes place in the following manner.

Depression of the accelerator causes the engine to accelerate, and also moves Valve 363 into its left-hand position, which places cylinder 345 in communication with the atmosphere. The piston assembly is accordingly allowed to move to the right, under the influence of springs 45 acting through levers 18, and throwout assembly A. When this operation is taking place, air bleeds into the left-hand end of cylinder 345 by way of port 31|, reduced portion 364, passage 312, and pipe 358. Air also bleeds out of the right-hand side of the cylinder through port 355, sleeve 344, and port 356. Some air is also bled to the atmcsphere through bleeder aperture 353. In view of the fact that the exhaust of air from the right hand end of the cylinder under these conditions is substantially unrestricted, movement of the parts toward automatic position is comparatively rapid if no other provision is made for retarding their movement.

When the piston has moved preferably to with- I brought with its port 355 adjacent member 354, with the result that further movement oi sleeve cuts off port 355, and causes air to be compressed in the right hand end of the cylinder, as air can now only escape therefrom through the relatively small aperture 353. The parts are preferably so designed that port 355 is cut off, and stable air pressure conditions are attained in v the right hand end of the cylinder just prior to the time that the piston assembly, which is now under- 1 going relatively `slow movement under the retarding action manifested by the action of air escaping from orifice 353, attains automatic position.

The parts are preferably so designed that when 1 the piston and throwout assembly have attained automatic position during the operation just described or shortly thereafter, weights 56 rock outwardly in the manner previously described, and

bring the plates into frictional engagement with 20 the result that the vehicle or other load handled by the transmission is smoothly picked up. As the engine is further accelerated, weights 56 swing further outwardly and produce a further pressure build-up between the plates, and the 25 piston continues to move slowly to the right, now under the influence of spring 308, as operation of the weights has caused reaction plate 38 to move to the right and thereby relieved levers 18 of the pressure of springs 45.

When the piston assembly attains automatic position under the influence of the bleeding operation just described, links 3I5 and 3H are restored to the position shown in Figure 6 under the iniluence of spring 322. cordingly locked, and should the-accelerator be released when the clutch has been fully engaged in the manner just described, the resulting high vacuum produced in the intake manifold does not produce clutch disengagement, by reason of the fact that lever 3I4 and its associated latch prevents the throwout assembly from .being moved past automatic position under the pull of the piston assembly.

In the event that the accelerator is depressed to a substantial extent, and the engine is pulling a heavy load, and the speed of shaft 3 is decelerated to a speed which is lower than the speedresponsive operating speed of Weights 56, the clutch nevertheless remains engaged under the influence of springs 45 for the reason that cylinder 345 is open to the atmosphere. lMoreover, should pipe 358 be tapped directly into the intake manifold, the clutch would remain engaged by The parts are ac- 3 reason of the fact that at low engine speeds the 55 driving pressure, lock-nut 3|3 may be loosened G' and bolt 3I2 screwed up suil'iciently to re-establish proper idle release clearance, and nut 3l3 tightened to lock the parts in adjusted position. The effect of this operation is to dispose the reaction plate closer to the flywheel and thereby decrease the idle release clearance.

The engaging operation of the mechanism just described is fully responsive, i. e., the bleeding action of the piston lags behind the action of the 75 automatic weights during normal acceleration and it therefore does not influence the clutch engaging operation, whether the parts are bled to fully engaged position from disengaged or automatic position. In another embodiment of my invention which I intend to be embraced by the present application, aperture 353 is of a slightly larger dimension, so that the engaging operation takes place in the following manner.

With the parts held in automatic position, either by the latch mechanism or by the momentary checking influence that aperture 353 exerts upon the piston when the latter approaches automatic position, springs 45 are placed under compression or are pre-loaded, and acceleration.

of the driving shaft causes weights 56 to bring the plates into engagement in the manner previously described. When weights 56 have built up a predetermined pressure between the plates, which is of smaller magnitude than the preloading of springs 45, the checking influence of bleed apertures 353 proceeds sufciently to allow the piston and throwout mechanism to relieve levers 18 of substantial pressure and thereby impose the full pressure of springs 45 upon the plates. With this form of the invention, clutch engagement accordingly occurs in two stages, first, a speed-responsive stage, wherein the plate pressure is built up comparatively slowly and the load accordingly picked up smoothly, and secondly, a power or torque responsive stage, wherein the full driving pressure of the clutch springs is applied to the plates in response to attainment of certain conditions in the prime mover, and preferably brings the parts into synchronism comparatively rapidly.

In connection with thisform of the invention, it is to be understood that any suitable automatic or accelerator pedal operated valve mechanism may be associated with the vacuum line for effecting or assisting the above described pressure staging operation, if desired, without departing from the spirit of my invention. Moreover a valve may be inserted in pipe 358 for the purpose of establishing communication between the cylinder and the atmosphere at will, to thereby allow the plates to be brought into engagement under the influence of springs 45 when the engine is operating at speeds which are below the speedresponsive operating speed of weights 56 if desired.

Power may be taken from shaft |54, but in the present instance the mechanism is designed for use in motor vehicles and to this end shaft |54 is provided with splines 38|, upon which a corresponding splined member 382 is mounted. Member 382 is provided with a flange 383 to which a universal joint (not shown) is adapted to be secured, and it is heldin place on shaft |54 by means of a nut 385 which is threaded on a reduced portion thereof. Nut 384, acting through sleeve 382 holds the inner races of bearing assembly |55 in place against a flange 385. A worm gear 386 is secured to sleeve 382 and meshes with a gear 381 for driving a vehicle speedometer drive in well known manner. A sealing assembly 388 is secured in cap member |55' and cooperates with the outer surface of sleeve 382 to prevent grease from leak-. ing from the housing. A passage 389 is provided in cap member |55 for the purpose of returning grease to the gear chamber.

General operation I The operation of the mechanism' will now be described. .When driving shaft 3 is operating at a predetermined speed, for example at a speed corresponding substantially to the idling speed of the prime mover utilized therewith, there is no driving connection between shafts 3 and 9, as the primary and secondary clutches are disengaged as illustrated in Figure 1. With levers 205 and 206 disposed in the positions shown in this figure, and lever 214 disposed in the position illustrated in Figure 8, the mechanism is provisioned or conditioned for forward drive, and acceleration of the driving shaft causes the automatic power trans- 10 mitting operation to take place.

Low speed or torque multiplying drive As the driving shaft is accelerated, centrifugal Weights 56 fulcrum outwardly in response to cen- 15 trifugal force and cause the primary clutch mechanism to be engaged in the manner previously described, thereby coupling shafts 3 and 9. Clockwise, rotation of shaft 9, viewed from the lefthand end of Figure 1, through the medium of 20 pinion |52 formed thereon, tends to produce counterclockwise rotation of planet gears |44 about their axes, assuming that rotation of shaft |54 to which they are connected through gears |45 and |64, and sleeve |59, is resisted by a load, or the 25 like. Counter-clockwise rotative tendencies of planet gears |44, imposes a reaction upon internal gear |12, tending to produce counter-clockwise rotation thereof. Counter-clockwise rotation of internal gear |12 however is prevented by the 30 action of clutch rollers |89, which cooperate with sleeve 1| and member |19 under theseconditions to lock sleeve l1! against rotation. Planet gears |44 are therefore caused to planetate clockwise within stationary internal gear H2. Planetation of gears |44 produces similar planetation of gears |45 to which they are connected. Planetation of gears |45 causes gear |64 to be rotated in the same direction but at a speed which is lower than that of gear |52 carried by shaft 9, by reason of the fact that it is of greater diameter. A torque multiplying coupling is therefore automatically estab'- lished between driving shaft 3 and driven shaft |54, the torque amplification depending upon the gear ratios utilized.

Normal automatic transition from torque multiplying drive to direct drive causes torque to be transmitted from shaft 9,

through discs |4a and 33a, member 264, sleeve |35, and gears |52, |44, |45, |64 and member |59, to the driven shaft, and the latter is accordingly gradually accelerated under the combined influence of the torque multiplying drive and the 65 direct torque transmitted through the secondary clutch mechanism.

When the secondary clutch.- is fully engaged, a direct drive exists between shafts 9 and 54 because the driving sun gear and theplanet carrier are coupled together, which prevents planets |44 and |45 from rotating about with the result that the internal gear is caused to rotate in a clockwise direction, which in turn causes disengagement of rollers |89 from their wedging disposition between sleeve and member |19.

The mechanism accordingly initially picks up the load with a slipping drive, which, when an internal combustion engine is utilized as the prime mover, allows the engine to accelerate and operate eiciently on a relatively high point on its speedtorque curve to develop adequate power to handle the comparatively great starting load involved in picking the vehicle up from a standstill. After the vehicle is moving, and has attained a predetermined speed, the primary clutch directly connects shafts 3 and 9 in the manner previously described. At a higher vehicle speed (assuming that the engine is continuously accelerated), the secondary clutch initiates operation and serves to transmit increasing amounts of power directly from shaft 9 to planet carrier |33, with the result that a differentiating power transmitting operation takes place, and transmits power from shaft 9 to shaft |54 with a decreasing torque multiplication.

In the particular mechanism shown, and with the usual rear axle ratios utilized in most vehicles of the pleasure car class, the primary clutch directly couples shafts 3 and 9 when the vehicle attains a speed of approximately ten miles per hour, and the secondary clutch initiatesopera.- tion at a vehicle speed of approximately seventeen miles per hour and establishes a direct drive between the engine and the load when the vehicle attains a speed of twenty-eight miles per hour when the engine is accelerated in the manner just described. It is to be understood however that completion of primary and secondary clutch operation may take place at higher or lower speeds than those given, depending upon whether the transmission is under heavy or light loads.

An extremely important feature of the present invention resides in the fact that although the mechanism, in responsev to one continued acceleration of the driving shaft, automatically establishes a torque multiplying connection between the engine and the load when the driving shaft attains a predetermined speed, and automatically brings the load into direct synchronism with the engine when the load has been eccelerated through a predetermined geared speed range under the influence of the torque multiplying drive, once the direct drive has been established, it will be maintained even though the load be decelerated so that it is operating at speeds corresponding to those of the geared speed range. This is a highly desirable operating characteristic for the reason that as the shift up speed is substantially higher than the shift down speed, there is no critical shift speed, and the transmission therefore does not tend to alternately shift into and out of direct drive, no matter through what speed range the parts are operated or whether the torque handled by the transmission is of large or small magnitude'.

The novel design of my transmission also makes it possible to automatically shift the parts into direct or non-torque multiplying relationship when the load is operating in the major portion of the normal geared speed range, by merely momentarily effecting a reversal of drive, which in the present invention, is effected by momentarily releasing the accelerator. This makes it possible for the operator to shift into direct drive at will when the transmission is operating in a. certain speed range, and this operation may be silently affected with a minimum of effort aS it merely involves momentarily releasing the accelerator.

These highly desirable operating characteristics are made possible through the design of the torque multiplying mechanism employed in my transmission and the manner of association of the drive transition effecting device with it, which in the present instance takes the form of a speed responsive clutch. The clutch is related to the parts in such manner that the driving shaft rotates the speed-responsive part thereof at a greater speed when it is engaged than when it is disengaged, and so that when it is disengaged, it is given an accelerating impulse when a reversal of drive occurs and the driven shaft tends to transmit rotative efforts to the driving shaft. These operations, and the structural features of the mechanism which render them possible, will now be more fully set forth.

When operating a vehicle provided with the present transmission in direct drive, and it is desired to decelerate to stop the vehicle, this accelerator is released and the vehicle brakes are applied. This operation results in shaft |54 tending to drive shaft 9, through gears |64, |45, |44 and |52, and sleeve |1|, and the secondary clutch. Shaft 9, through the engaged primary clutch (release of the accelerator has resulted in the vacuum cylinder pulling the parts into automatic position, but as the speed of shaft 9 is maintained above the operating speed of weights 56, they keep the clutch engaged), tends to drive the engine. A direct drive accordingy exists between the load and the engine, and the braking effect of the latter is accordingly utilized to augment the action of the vehicle brake mechanism.

As the decelerating operation just described proceeds to the point where shaft |54 is rotating at the speed where the secondary clutch initiated engagement during the accelerating operation previously set forth, the secondary clutch nevertheless remains engaged and maintains a direct drive between shafts 9 and |54 for the reason that the speed responsive part of the clutch (member 4a) is now being driven directly from shaft 9 through discs |4a and 33a, and it accordingly rotates at a higher speed than when it was driven through the action of the gears for a corresponding speed of shaft |54.

If the decelerating operation is continued until the vehicle attains a speed of ten miles per hour, the hold-back springs of the secondary clutch overcome the forces set up by weights 55a, and cause them to rock inwardly and disengage the plates.

'I'he fact that the transmission shifts into, or establishes a direct drive at a speed which is higher than that at which the transmission tends to shift out of direct drive, is regarded as a highly important feature of the present invention because it positively eliminates any tendency for the transmission to alternately shift into and out of direct drive, or hunt when the parts are rotating at speeds which are in the neighborhood of the operating speed of the direct drive establishing mechanism, which, in the present embodiment of the invention, comprises a speedresponsive clutch.

When the secondary clutch has been disengaged in the manner just described, shaft |54 does not drive the engine through the gears because the planet gears exert forwardly driving tendencies upon the internal gear and cause it to overrun, which has the effect of disconnecting shafts 9 and |54. As soon as the internal gear overruns, the engine drops to idling speed, as the throttle is closed, and the hold-back assemblies disengage the primary clutch. The vehicle may then be brought to a complete stop through continued application of the vehicle brake mechanism, or, if desired, the accelerator maybe depressed to produce automatic'engagement' of the primary and secondary clutches in the manner previously described so as to again causejtheA engine to propel the vehicle. j

When the transmission is operating in direct drive in the manner previously described, and it is desired to maintain thedir'ect drive'thus es-v tablished, even when the parts aredecelerated to speeds lower than the automatic l-ffshiftdown speed, lever 214 may bekrockedfsofasfto bring detent 28| into notch 219, tothereby' allow springs 45 to bring the secondary.r clutch plates into driv ing engagement Thisoperation conditions the parts so that a two-Way direct drive is maintained between the engine andthe 'loadvuntil shafts 3 and 9 are decelerated sufficiently for the primary clutch to automatically disengage.

By reason of the novel designjet-my trans.

mission it is possible to eifectthe transition from geared drive to direct drive by'merely momentarily releasing the accelerator when the vehicle or other load is being driven within a speed rangev which may be predetermined as desired by properly designing the parts and providing the proper gear ratios. This operation takes place as follows:

Selective automatic shift into direct drive With the engine driving the vehicle through the transmission gears as previously explained, and with the vehicle proceeding at a speed of from approximately ten to twenty-eight miles per hour, if the accelerator is released, the transmission automatically shifts into direct drive, the operation taking place in the following manner:

Assuming that the speed of member 4a is so low that engagement of the secondary clutch has not been initiated, accelerator release causes shaft |54, acting through member |59 and gear |54, to tend to increase the rate at which gears |44 and |45 planei'ate. This action causes rotative forces to be applied to gear |52, but as it is connected to shaft 9 and the engine, which tends to drop to idling speed, planet gears |44 apply forwardly driving forces to, and cause internal gear |12 to rotate forwardly or overrun. This results in a substantial acceleration oi.' the speed of carrier |33, and as it is connected to member 4a, which carries the speed-responsive mechanism of the secondary clutch, weights 56a rock outwardly and establish a driving connection between shaft 9 and carrier |33, in the manner previously set forth. f I y A direct drive is thereby established between shafts 9 and |54, and as the accelerating forces are promptly applied to the speed-responsivepart of the secondary clutch mechanism, upon release of the accelerator it remains engaged during this operation. After the operation is complete, and before the accelerator is again depressed, the rotation of shaft |54 under the influence of the momentum of the vehicle, through the direct drive established by the secondary clutch, maintains shaft 3 up to the operating speed of weights 55, and thereby maintains thel primary clutch engaged, provided that the vehicle doesl not'lose sufilcient momentum for shaft |54 to drop to or below the. disengaging speed of the primary clutch.

Assuming that the transmission has been selectively shifted into direct drive in the manner just described, if the accelerator is depressed, the vehicle will be picked up in direct drive. The secondary clutch remains engaged under these conditions for the reason that its speed responsive mechanism is now being driven from shaft 9 in direct synchronism therewith, whereas before engagement of the secondary clutch took place it was being driven at speeds less than its actuating speed, through rotation of carrier |33 which is geared down with respect to shaft 9. A further reason why the secondary clutch remains engaged under these conditions resides in the fact that the plates thereof were brought together into direct non-slipping engagement with no load on them by the accelerator releasing action, and as static friction is greater than dynamic, or slipping friction, the plates will remain in non-slipping engagement down to speeds lower than that which would be required to bring them into nonslipping engagement if they were transmitting considerable power and slipping.

When operating the transmission in direct drive with the vehicle proceeding at speeds of from ten to seventeen miles per hour, and a steep grade is encountered or the engine throttle is opened so as to deliver considerable power for some other reason, this causes a heavy torque or considerable load to be placed upon the transmission, with the result that the secondary clutch starts to slip. In view of the fact that the speed responsive part of the secondary clutch is driven by shaft 9 only when it is engaged, the slipping operation, provided the heavy torque conditions continue to exist, is of short duration as the speed of member 4a comparatively rapidly falls below the engaging speed of the secondary clutch, and the transmission accordingly comparatively promptly shifts or drops back into geared drive. When the vehicle has been accelerated through the geared drive to a suiliclently high speed, the secondary clutch engages and re-establishes a direct drive in the manner previously set forth, or, if the load diminishes, the transmission may be shifted into direct drive by momentarily releasing the accelerator, as just described.

Amplified motor braking With the present power transmitting mechanism installed in a motor vehicle or the like, direct drive or high gear motor braking during f normal operating conditions is obtained in the manner previously explained. Under some conditions, for example, in descending long mountain grades, it is desirable to materially augment the action of the vehicle brake mechanism by causing the momentum of the vehicle to be applied to the engine through the torque multiplying mechanism. Under normal coasting operating conditions, internal gear |12 is allowed to overrun without applying the braking torque of the engine to be applied to shaft |54 when the secondary clutch is disengaged, and I have therefore provided means that may be selectively employed to hold internal gear |12 stationary at will, in order to impose the braking effect of the engine upon the load.

If the vehicle is proceeding with the secondary clutch disengaged, and with the torque multiplying mechanism overrunning, lever 214 may be oscillated to bring detent 28| into notch 211 of the detent plate, thereby rocking shaft 255 and applying the brake as previously explained. 'Ihis operation establishes a torque multiplying connection between shafts |54 and 9, and if the accelerator is depressed slightly so as to cause the engine to accelerate sufficiently to cause the primary clutch to engage, release of the accelerator will cause the braking effect of the engine as amplified by the gear mechanism to be applied to shaft |54. In the event that the primary and secondary clutches are engaged when lever 214 is actuated, shaft 265 disengages the secondary clutch and applies the brake to the internal gear, with the result that a geared drive is established between shafts 9 and |54. In amplification of the details of this operation, shafts 3, 9 and |54 are rotating synchronously with gear |12 when the primary and secondary clutches are engaged. Operation of lever 214 preferably initially ldisengages the secondary clutch through throwout assembly B and levers 18a. If the accelerator is released while this operation is taking place, the momentum of the vehicle, acting through shaft |54 and gears |64, |45 and |44 tends to accelerate gear |12, but the parts are preferably so designed that the brake is applied to the gear slightly before, or at the point of completion of secondary clutch disengagement, with the result that gear |12 is decelerated. In view of the fact that the driving faces of the planet gear assemblies are applied to internal gear |12 and sun gear |52, and the former is being decelerated under the inuence of the brake, sun gear |52 is driven at increasing speeds, providing the momentum of the vehicle is sufficient to drive shaft |54, and when gear |12 has been brought to rest under th-e influence of the brake, a positive geared drive exists between shafts |54 and 9, and as the latter is driven at an amplified speed with respect to the former, an amplified engine braking effort is imposed upon shaft |54 for controlling the coasting tendencies of the vehicle.

When it is desired to restore the parts so as to provide automatic operation, lever 214 is shifted so as to bring its detent 28| into notch 218. In the event that member 4a is rotating at sufficient speed to maintain weights 56a in their outer positions when lever 214 is rocked in this manner, this operation brings the plates of the secondary clutch into engagement, with the result that gear |12 is brought into synchronism with shafts 9 and |54, and the transmission operates in direct drive. Should member 4a be operating at speeds which are below the operating speed of weights 56a when lever 214 is restored to its normal position, the secondary clutch remains disengaged and if the engine is driving the vehicle, gear |12 takes the reactive forces of the planet system and remains stationary against the action of the overrunning clutch, with the result that the transmission operates in geared speed. If desired, the engine may be accelerated in the manner previously described to automatically bring the parts into direct drive.

As it is possible to shift into or out of geared drive at any time, irrespective of the speed of the vehicle or the engine because no synchronizing problems are present, the mechanism is extremely fiexible and is fool-proof, even in the hands of an inexperienced driver.

High speed geared drive In ascending long mountain grades, that are too steep for the engine to handle the vehicle in direct drive, it is desirable to prevent the automatic transition from indirect to direct drive from taking place, 4so that the engine may be utilized to propel the vehicle through the torque multiplying mechanism, at speeds in excess of that corresponding to secondary clutch engagem-ent speed so as to avoid improper and undesirable slippage of the latter.

In order to condition the mechanism for this operation, lever 214 is rocked so as to bring detent 28| into engagement with recess 211`in the same manner as that described in connection with the motor-braking operation just described. Under these conditions, shaft |54 may be driven by, and accelerated through pinion |52, planet gears |44, and |45, and stationary internal gear |12 to any desired speed without producing automatic engagement of the secondary clutch because throwout assembly B holds reaction plate 38a in fully disengaging position. In the event that the secondary clutch is engaged when lever 214 is operated, throwout assembly B disengages it, and brake band 24| brings the internal gear to rest, thereby promptly establishing a geared drive between shafts 9 and |54.

Although band 24| holds internal gear at rest under these conditions, it is superfluous insofar as forward drive is concerned, because, as has been previously explained, clockwise rotation of pinion |52 causes planet gears |44 to react against, and tend to produce counter-clockwise rotation of internal gear |12. Counter-clockwise rotative tendencies of internal gear causes rollers |89 to lock it against rotation. The secondary clutch and the brake may therefore be separately operated to provision the mechanism for the operation just described, but they are preferably interconnected for the purpose of simplifying the design of the control mechanism therefor. Band 24|, under these conditions, restrains movement of gear 12 in a counterclockwise direction, and therefore should a reversal of drive occur, and shaft |54 tend to overrun with respect to shaft 9, when the parts are disposed in this position, amplified motor braking is obtained. Operation of the brake for the internal gear and the release mechanism for the secondary clutch simultaneously in this manner therefore provisions the mechanism for permanent or high speed gear operation, and at the same time provisions it for amplified motor braking, and the control mechanism is accordingly simple in design.

However, should it be undesirable, in the particular type of drive involved, to apply a braking influence to gear |12 when the secondary clutch is disconnected for obtaining a permanent torque multiplying drive, the secondary clutch and shaft 255 may be independently actuated, and it is to be understood that this method of their control is also embraced by the present invention.

Reverse drive The gear mechanism employed for effecting forward torque multiplying drive is also utilized to obtain reverse drive. Carrier member |33 is adapted to be locked against rotation in the manner previously set forth when reverse drive is employed.

When it is desired to condition the mechanism for reverse drive, shaft 203 is oscillated by withdrawing knob 23| into its outermost position, to cause latch member 201 to enter the space between two adjacent teeth 209 formed on cage or carrier member |33, thereby locking the carrier and sleeve |35 against rotation. Oscillation 

